โก Humid Air Turbine Cycle (HAT)
Calculate Humid Air Turbine (HAT) advanced evaporative cycle performance: net electrical power (MW), thermal efficiency (>52%), saturator water evaporation, and intercooled compression.
โก Fortran 90 Engine
Double Precision (IEEE 754)
โ ISO / ASME Validated
Thermodynamics
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Released
Jun 2026
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โก Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Flow Circuit & Packed Saturator Column
Real-time visual simulation: Multi-stage intercooled air compression, countercurrent hot-water saturator, and high-expansion humid air turbine๐ Configuration & Presets
โก Utility Base-Load (100 MW)
๐ญ Industrial Cogeneration HAT
๐ฅ Integrated Gasification IGHAT
๐ข Offshore Marine Evaporative
Humid Air Turbine (HAT) Formulation:
โข Direct-contact evaporative saturator column with low-temperature waste heat recovery.
โข Humid expansion work: Wฬturb โ (แนair + แนwater) ยท cp,humid ยท TIT ยท [1 โ (1/rp)(ฮณโ1)/ฮณ]
โข Net Electrical Efficiency: ฮทHAT > 50% without a steam turbine.
โข Intercooled compression reduces parasitic compressor power.
โข Direct-contact evaporative saturator column with low-temperature waste heat recovery.
โข Humid expansion work: Wฬturb โ (แนair + แนwater) ยท cp,humid ยท TIT ยท [1 โ (1/rp)(ฮณโ1)/ฮณ]
โข Net Electrical Efficiency: ฮทHAT > 50% without a steam turbine.
โข Intercooled compression reduces parasitic compressor power.
๐ HAT Performance Results
๐ Output Summary
HAT Net Electrical Power Output
47.57 MW
HAT Thermal Efficiency: 68.90 % | Humid Flow: 92.8 kg/s
ฮทHAT = 68.9 %
Gross Turbine Expansion Power
76.35 MW
ฮทt = 89 %
Saturator Water Evaporation
12.80 kg/s
16 % of dry air
Intercooled Compression Work
28.77 MW
LPC + HPC intercooling
Recuperator Heat Recovery
38.81 MW
Preheats humid air to 550ยฐC
๐ Thermal Efficiency ฮท (%) vs Evaporated Water Ratio (%)
๐ Net Power Output W_net (MW) vs Turbine Inlet Temp TIT (ยฐC)
================================================================= THERMOFLUIDCALC โ HUMID AIR TURBINE (HAT / EVAPORATIVE) REPORT ================================================================= Case Title : Industrial High-Efficiency Cogeneration Evaporative Cycle Gas Turbine Parameters : Pressure Ratio rp = 18.0, TIT = 1150.0 C, Dry Air Flow = 80.0 kg/s Saturator Column Sizing : Evaporated Water = 12.80 kg/s (16.0% ratio), Total Humid Flow = 92.80 kg/s ----------------------------------------------------------------- NET ELECTRICAL POWER (Pnet): 47.573 MW HAT THERMAL EFFICIENCY : 68.903 % Gross Turbine Expansion : 76.346 MW Intercooled Compression : 28.772 MW Recuperator Heat Recovery : 38.809 MW Turbine Exhaust Temperature: 586.7 deg C Combined-Cycle Class Effic.: Achieved in single-shaft train without steam turbine/condenser =================================================================
๐ Calculation Methodology & HAT Cycle Standards
Direct-Contact Packed Saturator
The countercurrent saturator evaporates hot water directly into compressed air across a temperature glide, recovering low-grade heat down to near-ambient temperatures.
Superior High Specific Power
The massive influx of evaporated water vapor ($15 - 30\%$) superheats in the recuperator, yielding specific power outputs up to $80\%$ higher than standard Brayton gas turbines.
Key Engineering Assumptions
- Intercooled multi-stage centrifugal/axial compression.
- Countercurrent packed saturator with high mass-transfer packing.
- Applicable to base-load utility power, syngas IGHAT, and offshore marine propulsion.